Why do California and New York, that are highly urban, have the worst literacy rate in USA?

There are a few reasons why California and New York have the worst literacy rates in the USA. First, these states have a higher number of people who are not native English speakers. Second, they have a high number of people who are not enrolled in school. Finally, these states have a high number of people who are not employed. Together, these factors create a Literacy Crisis in these states.